Shape and growth in European Atlantic Patella limpets (Gastropoda, Mollusca). Ecological implications for survival

Accepted 25 December 2006 Copyright © EEF ISSN 1399-1183 Limpets are one of the most abundant molluscs in rocky shores. However, the rocky shore is a harsh environment, considering the huge force and impact of waves against the rocks. Additionally, at each tidal cycle, limpets are out of water for considerable period of time, being therefore exposed to high temperature and desiccation stresses. Each limpet has its permanent place to live attached to the substratum in a slight depression in the rocks (home) (Hyman 1967, Fretter and Graham 1994). After an excursion for feeding on algae, the animal commonly returns to its home. Foraging can occur at low tide, when the animal is emerged, or at high tide, during submersion, and can vary with the period of the day (Williams et al. 1999). Limpets are strongly adherent to the substratum, even while moving. Adhesion to the substratum during inactivity is accomplished by the secretion of a pedal mucus, with Shape and growth in European Atlantic Patella limpets (Gastropoda, Mollusca). Ecological implications for survival